常用函数or操作

输入优化

void gi(int & a) {
    char t = getchar();
    a = 0;
    for(; !isdigit(t); t = getchar());
    for(; isdigit(t); a *= 10, a += t - 48, t = getchar());
}

void gc(char & t) {
    t = getchar();
    for(; !isalpha(t); t = getchar());
}

void gs(string &s){
	char t; s = "";
	for(t=getchar(); !isprint(t);t=getchar());
	for(; isprint(t); s+=t, t=getchar());
}

void read(int &x) {
	int f=1;
	x=0;
	char s=getchar();
	while(s<'0'||s>'9') {
		if(s=='-')f=-1;
		s=getchar();
	}
	while(s>='0'&&s<='9') {
		x=x*10+s-'0';
		s=getchar();
	}
	x*=f;
}

测试运行时间

#include <ctime>
clock_t start=clock();
cout<<(double)(clock()-start)/CLOCKS_PER_SEC<<endl;

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